Produced by: Tarun Mishra
A team of scientists, led by Andrea Butturini from the University of Barcelona, has proposed that Acidalia Planitia, a vast ancient plain on Mars, could harbor microbial life deep beneath the planet's surface. The findings are based on analyses of Mars mission data.
The study identifies methanogens, a type of microbe known for producing methane, as potential candidates for life on Mars. These extremophiles are anaerobic and can thrive in environments with minimal nutrients, high radiation, and extreme temperatures, similar to conditions they endure on Earth.
Researchers have pinpointed a subsurface zone between 4.3 and 8.8 kilometers deep beneath Acidalia Planitia where conditions might support microbial life. The region is thought to retain ancient water and geothermal heat, which are critical for life.
Using data from orbiters and rovers, the team examined subsurface ice maps, thorium concentrations, and evidence of groundwater activity. They found that the southern part of Acidalia Planitia showed promising conditions for methanogens, including moderate subsurface temperatures of 32 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
Mars’ surface is too cold and lacks sufficient pressure for life. However, the radioactive decay of thorium and other elements underground generates heat and chemical energy. This, combined with remnants of ancient water, creates a potentially habitable environment below the surface.
While missions like the European Space Agency's Rosalind Franklin rover will explore Mars in 2028, its drill can only penetrate seven feet—far shallower than the depths needed to reach the identified zone. Advanced drilling technology is required to explore further.
If microbial life is found, it could provide evidence for a biological origin of methane in Mars’ atmosphere. Methane has long intrigued scientists as it could indicate active biological processes or chemical reactions.
Though the research, currently available on preprint server arXiv, is yet to be peer-reviewed, it provides a specific site for targeted exploration. The southern Acidalia Planitia could become a priority in future missions searching for extraterrestrial life on Mars.