Produced by: Mohsin Shaikh
The 3,440 km India-China border remains unresolved, sparking deadly clashes like Galwan (2020). Talks drag on, but the line stays blurred — a constant source of friction.
Memories of the 1962 war haven’t faded. Deep mistrust from both sides keeps diplomatic progress slow and fragile, with every incident triggering old suspicions.
China sees India as a rival in Asia’s power game. From South Asia to the Indian Ocean, both countries back opposing projects, partners, and alliances.
Be it border infrastructure or pushing the Belt and Road through disputed regions, China’s assertive moves challenge India’s sovereignty, worsening ties.
India’s $87 billion trade deficit with China exposes a lopsided economic relationship. Dependence on Chinese imports is seen as a strategic weak spot for India.
China’s dam-building on rivers like the Brahmaputra fuels India’s fears over water security. Control over upstream flow becomes a quiet but serious concern.
Hosting the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile irks China. Though India backs “One China,” Tibet remains a thorny issue in relations.
Indian firms struggle with China’s opaque regulations and IP challenges, adding to calls for decoupling and “Make in India” strategies to reduce reliance.
Chinese analysts blame Indian leaders personally, but miss the bigger picture: structural disputes, not personalities, are the real block to better ties.