Union Budget 2024: Why aam aadmi should get a tax relief this time. Here's what experts said

Union Budget tax expectations: Each year before the Union Budget presentation, India's middle class eagerly waits for one thing --- reduction in income tax rates and a hike in disposal income. However, not all the budgets had given relief to the taxpayers, especially the aam aadmi. Even the Interim Budget earlier this year before the Lok Sabha elections, the common man got minimal direct tax advantages.

As Budget 2024 approaches, taxpayers are eagerly anticipating updates on exemptions and deductions. The current government's emphasis on the New Tax structure with reduced exemptions and deductions has prompted individuals to reconsider their expectations for potential changes in the upcoming budget.  

Neeraj Agarwala, Director at Nangia Andersen, said: "When examining income tax statistics from AY 22-23 to AY 18-19, it is evident that individuals with incomes between Rs 5.5 lakh and Rs 15 lakh file the most income tax returns and bear approximately 18% of the average income tax liability. This middle-class segment pays taxes at a top slab rate ranging from 20.8% to 31.2%. Despite this, deductions on income from salary are limited to a standard Rs 50,000, and deductions on house interest for self-owned property are capped at only Rs 2 lakh per annum. Additionally, the exemption of only Rs 1 lakh on long-term capital gains from the sale of equity shares discourages their participation in the growing economy. Providing tax relief to this income bracket may impact revenue collection, but it is crucial to offer tax deductions that reflect contemporary financial needs and provide financial respite to homeowners."

Latest data provided by the Income Tax department indicates that India's net direct tax collection has shown a notable growth of 19.54 percent, reaching a total of Rs 5.74 lakh crore as of July 11, 2024. Specifically, personal income tax collections have surged by almost 23%, amounting to Rs 3,61,862 crore by the same date, surpassing the figures from the corresponding period in the previous fiscal year 2023-24, which stood at Rs 2,94,764 crore. This growth trend suggests a positive trajectory in tax collections with potential for further expansion.

Furthermore, India's fiscal deficit for April-May has been reported to be around 3% of the annual target for FY25, amounting to Rs 50,615 crore. Notably, this increase in revenue can be ascribed to a significant Rs 2.1 lakh crore transfer made by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in May.

The substantial transfer from the RBI has enhanced the fiscal position of the government, providing additional fiscal stability and room for further financial maneuvers.

During the interim budget announced on February 1, 2024, the finance ministry made projections regarding income tax collections. It was stated that the collections from income tax are anticipated to rise to Rs 11,56,000 crore in the fiscal year 2024-25, reflecting a 13% increase. Additionally, it was mentioned that the revised estimate for the fiscal year 2023-24 stands at Rs 9,00,575 crore, indicating a 13.5% increment compared to the initially budgeted amount.

What middle class wants:

> Increase in standard deduction: The forthcoming revisions in tax regulations are projected to result in a notable augmentation of the standard deduction. This adjustment is poised to bring respite to individuals belonging to the middle-income bracket.

> Potential restructuring of tax slabs: A probable overhaul of the existing income tax slabs is on the horizon, aimed at establishing a more equitable and well-balanced tax system for the middle-income demographic.

> Guaranteed pension benefits under the NPS regime: The upcoming budget is expected to introduce measures to safeguard and assure a stable pension plan for participants enrolled in the National Pension System (NPS), fostering financial security for retirees.

> Incentives in the new tax regime: Additional enticements are likely to be integrated into the revised tax framework to heighten its attractiveness and foster compliance among taxpayers, fostering a more streamlined tax environment.

> Support for middle-class homebuyers: Various schemes designed to simplify the process of homeownership for the middle class are predicted to receive a substantial boost, aiming to enhance affordable housing opportunities for this segment of the community.

Rohan Bhargava, co-founder, CashKaro and EarnKaro, said: "The current tax rate for earnings above Rs 15 lakh stands at 30%, which is quite steep. The significant jump in tax rates from Rs 3 lakh to Rs 15 lakh highlights the need for a more gradual increase. Raising the income threshold before any tax is levied from Rs 3 lakh to Rs 5 lakh would provide individuals, especially those in the lower earning bracket, with more disposable income. This change would boost consumption, increase savings for the middle class, and provide positive momentum for the e-commerce industry.”

Sonal Badhan, Economist of Bank of Baroda, said that Budget 2024 should bring in some tax proposals that will help to reduce the tax burden of the common man. These may be: 
1) To help sustain consumption growth, and lighten the burden of consumers due to elevated prices in recent years, the government may increase limits under standard deductions in the new tax regime.
2) To promote savings, exemption under Section 80C in the old tax regime may also be enhanced.
3) To encourage people to buy homes, tax concession on interest paid can be increased from Rs 2 lakh.
4) Custom duties on finished products of certain items may again be raised to correct the
inverted duty structure.

Rajeev Singh, Head Bancassurance, CSB bank, said: "The government is expected to focus on supporting personal consumption in this budget. Consequently, I anticipate some relief for taxpayers. Potential measures could include an increase in the standard deduction, a revision of tax slabs, and linking these adjustments to inflation. I do not foresee significant changes to the capital gains tax structure."