Understanding The Impact Of India’s Suspension Of The Indus Water Treaty On Pakistan

On April 22, 2025, over 25 tourists tragically lost their lives in Baisaran Valley, Pahalgam, Srinagar, following a terrorist attack claimed by The Resistance Front, an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba. In response, the Indian government suspended the 1960 Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan, signaling a serious diplomatic move against Pakistan’s support for cross-border terrorism. The Indus Water Treaty is a crucial water-sharing agreement brokered by the World Bank between India and Pakistan, signed in 1960. It governs the use of water from the six rivers of the Indus River system. The treaty allocates control of the Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, Beas) to India, while Pakistan controls the Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab). This agreement has been central to maintaining peaceful relations and water security for both countries. With the suspension of this treaty, Pakistan faces dire consequences. The Western Rivers supply around 80% of Pakistan's total water needs, crucial for agriculture, the largest sector in the country's economy. Disruptions in water flow could lead to crop failures, food shortages, and increased inflation, deeply impacting millions of Pakistanis. Additionally, the disruption may affect urban water systems and public health in major cities like Lahore and Multan. This decision highlights the strategic importance of the Indus Water Treaty and sends a strong message to Pakistan to end its support for terrorism. The suspension carries significant ramifications for Pakistan’s economy, agriculture, and national security.