
Speaking at IIT Madras, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar highlighted how global assumptions have been overturned in recent years. He pointed to prolonged wars, shifting geopolitical realities in regions like the Middle East, disrupted supply chains, pandemics, and climate shocks as signs of a more uncertain world. Jaishankar said nations are now “de-risking” their economies, politics, and partnerships. Citing India’s 5G journey, he noted the shift from dependence on external technology to recognising strategic vulnerabilities. He also welcomed growing innovation, private participation, and creativity in India’s defence sector, calling it vital for resilience in a volatile global order.